AFPI Karnataka Newsletter

AFPI Karnataka NEWSLETTER Draft
AFPI KARNATAKA QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER
President’s Letter
Dear friends,
It is a delight to see the release of this new issue of the AFPI Karnataka
Newsletter. Much credit is due to Dr. B. C. Rao for his insistence that a
newsletter is a critical output of any organisation and AFPI Karnataka simply
must bring one out every quarter.
I also thank Dr. Akshay S. Dinesh for serving as the editor of the AFPI
Karnataka newsletter from 2019-2022. During his tenure, we saw the AFPI
Karnataka newsletter go digital, get catalogued in an easily searchable format,
and also the expansion of topics and areas of coverage including health
equity. Additionally, Dr. Askhay helped us arrive at a description of our
newsletter as:
"a semi-formal space where family physicians, general practitioners, and
others interested in the field of primary health care can creatively share
their experiences and express their opinions of what family medicine and
primary health care should be, including their case reports, research
papers, management, leadership, and relationship issues, administrative
and entrepreneurial decisions, community work, and other articles about
changing trends, thereby creating a community of learners and
practitioners who inspire each other through their work and enhance and
update their knowledge"
I also take this opportunity to welcome Dr. Ramya S Iyer, DNB Family
Medicine and Fellowship in Infectious Diseases to the core editorial team.
Finally: We want to hear from all of you. Every bit of experience that comes
by virtue of being a family physician, is a story worth sharing. In our regular
sections, there is always space for cases, reflections, short picture essays,
quizzes, dilemmas, humour, and even the occasional rant (may be edited to
allow relatively safe consumption). Also new ideas for the newsletter are ever
welcome.
Dr. Ramakrishna Prasad
President
AFPI Karnataka
Editorial Note
Every organisation needs a mouth piece, especially one like ours. Our members are located across the
state and the country and the only way they can effectively communicate with each other is by way of
the newsletter. The newsletter serves another purpose. Not all the articles, research outputs, practice
experiences or case reports will find an outlet in indexed journals and it is also quite cumbersome to get
them published. Our own newsletter comes in handy to get these published without any hassles. It is
therefore my appeal to you all members and non members alike to make use of this newsletter to
publish your work. It is also possible that if we find such material worthy of much wider publicity, we
will help you to get the same published in journals which will have a much wider readership.
Dr. B.C. Rao
2
AFPI-NEWS
AFPI Karnataka is organising CMEs on a regular
basis every month with an aim to conduct
sessions which are highly relevant to family
practice. Here is an update on the last 6 months.
On 16th August in association with Sparsh
hospital AFPI conducted a CME on “Oncology
update for Family Physicians”. It was a hybrid
session, there were both online and offline
attendees. Dr Sushrutha Mysore Shankar,
consultant breast surgery and surgical oncologist
spoke about “Dilemmas in the evaluation of breast
mass”, Dr Dayananda S delivered a talk on
“Genetic screening for breast and ovarian cancer”. Dr
Mohammad Idris shariff, member of AFPI,
currently working as consultant family
physician at Health assurance hospitals
company Dhaman, Kuwait was the guest of
honour and he spoke about “Family practice in
India vs Kuwait”. The sessions were well
appreciated by the attendees.
In the month of September, AFPI in association
with Karthik Clinic and Ultrasound Centre and
The Pocket Family Doctor conducted a half-day
“CME on Infertility update”. It was a one of its
kind CME as an AFPI member Dr Krithika
Ganesh organised this CME in her own clinic.
The topics covered during the session were well
appreciated by the participants as the topics
were relevant for clinical practice. The topics
were basics of infertility assessment in primary
care, clinical assessment of male infertility,
panel discussion on PCOS and fertility,
counselling for the infertile couple.
The GP forum was recommended by senior
advisors Dr. B.C.Rao and Dr.Subramanyam to
discuss interesting and challenging cases in
primary care.
In the month of October, AFPI in association
with Manipal Hospitals conducted “CME on
Cardiology update”. Dr. Syed Mubarak, a
member of AFPI presented on “ECG
interpretation, a case based discussion” and Dr.
Kumar Kenchappa, Interventional Cardiologist,
Consultant Manipal Hospitals, spoke about
“Post-Myocardial Infarction Management in primary
care”.
In the month of November, AFPI conducted a
“Webinar on Diabetes update for Family
Physicians”. Topics covered in the session were -
“Tools to upgrade your Diabetes Practice” by
Dr.Smruti Haval and “Approach to Diabetic
Nephropathy” by Dr. Impana. This session was
moderated by Dr(Col). Mohan Kubendra, Senior
Family Physician and was chaired by Dr.Aravind
C, Consultant Nephrologist and Transplant
Physician, Trustwell Hospital and by D. Swathi
Sachin Jadhav, Consultant Endocrinologist,
Trustwell Hospital.
In the month of February, AFPI conducted a
CME in which the Keynote Session titled
“Family practice in Australia” was delivered by Dr.
Swapna Bhaskar, ex-President, AFPI Karnataka,
followed by a
Dr Shalini Chandan, Scientific Chair
AFPI Karnataka.
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Secretary’s Report
The 3rd State conference was conducted in
December 2022. It was an experience worth
sharing.
I took charge as honorary General Secretary of
AFPI Karnataka from Dr. Srividhya
Raghavendran, who had already set a
benchmark. It was indeed a responsibility, which
had to be shouldered along with the new
President and newly shuffled team.
We started out by identifying our goals to be
achieved during our tenure as office bearers. To
mention a few:
● AFPI activities outside Bangalore
geography. Reach out to other parts of
Karnataka.
● To conduct a CME every month. It could
be an online CME or an offline CME
● Engage with community and create
awareness about preventive and primary
health care
● Engage Family Medicine Post Graduates
● Engage medical students with an
intention to create awareness about the
importance
provided
practitioners.
of
by
Primary
Family
health
care
Medicine
● Engage with the policy makers and
decision makers in academia.
As I look back, I would like to express my
gratitude to the team of the AFPI Karnataka
office bearers and the ever supportive members
of AFPI Karnataka.
The last 9 months have been a roller coaster
ride. The 3rd State conference, organised in
Mysore has been challenging and a great
learning experience. It was a challenge in many
ways:
● Outside Bangalore, with just 3 AFPI
members in Mysore who took the lead.
● First time engagement with the medical
students , with an entire day planned for
the medical students and PGs.
● First time an attempt to engage the
undergraduate academia, policy decision
makers and other medical associations.
The challenges were in choosing the venue,
raising sponsorships, inviting the delegates, and
in the logistics to enable a smooth conference.
Interpersonal relations were tested but as we say
“every cloud has a silver lining”. The challenges
come with enormous learning too.
● Learning of do’s and don'ts
● How much to do
● What not to do
● How to optimise the resources at every
level
● The level of engagement with sponsor
● The continuum of relationships with the
supporters
● Setting boundaries in various professional
and personal relations
● How much is too much and too less
● The list goes on…as learning is a
continuous process…….
With all the above said things, I gathered a huge
load of memories to cherish in my goody bag,
which will stay with me forever. We met various
people from the world of Medicine with a
different persona.
I realised the strength of the great supportive
team without whose unconditional support, we
wouldn’t have reached and achieved whatever
little we have achieved.
I will cherish for life the memory of organising
3rd State conference Family Medicine - Update
2022 and wouldn’t barter this.
Looking forward to continued support for such
events in the future.
Dr. Harshapriya J
General Secretary, AFPI Karnataka.
4
New Featured Quarterly Case Series in the Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care ( JFMPC)
titled, "Family Health in the Hinterland"
Over the last two decades, despite significant
advances, rural health is particularly plagued by
Urban-Rural Maldistribution and Misplaced
priorities of the medical education system.
The current medical education system doesn’t
give adequate exposure to the students in the
practice of primary health care with
professional identity, mentorship, peer
recognition (in the medical profession), training
is effective teamwork and career growth.
Students and young health professionals are
o en not exposed to the practice of family
medicine - that is accountable and addresses the
needs of first contact based care on continuity of
provider-patient relationship, is comprehensive,
coordinated, and sensitive to the local context.
Community Oriented Primary Care (COPC):
In its most general definition, COPC is the
“provision of primary care services to a defined
community, coupled with systematic efforts to
identify and address the major health problems
of that community through effective
modifications both of the primary care services
and other appropriate community health
programs”. Towards this, the conceptual
framework for COPC is based on 5 principles:
(a) responsibility for comprehensive care of a
defined population; (b) care based on health
needs and its determinants; (c) prioritisation of
those needs to implement health programs; (d)
programs that integrate promotion, prevention
and treatment; and (e) community participation.
Fig 1: Conceptual Framework of COPC applied
to primary care mental health services
The Role of the Family Physician in Rural
Practice:
In rural areas, family physicians in rural practice
need to play several roles including: 1) Proving
Direct Clinical Care; 2) Consultant to nurses,
interns, junior medical officers and community
health workers; 3) Capacity builder; 4)
Supervisor; 5) Clinical governance/Continuous
Quality Improvement (CQI) lead; and 6)
Champion of COPC. These demand a range of
clinical skills, social skills, leadership skills and to
be able to work in teams, understand
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community needs, and engage with the
community actively.
Our Rural Primary Care & Community
Oriented Primary Care (COPC) Practice
Context:
BHS is a not-for-profit organisation where
community clinics are led by qualified nurses
supported by a Family Physician. Community
health workers and volunteers (Swasthya Kirans)
further extend the community reach of services
and promote healthy behaviours.
Each AMRIT Clinic, managed by Basic
HealthCare Services (BHS), provides primary
health care that is responsive, empathetic
primary health ‘circle of care’, that is rooted in
the community including providing preventive,
promotive and primary curative services to a
cluster of about 3000 tribal families. Most of
these families own small unirrigated farms and
have limited employment opportunities. Such a
situation forces many young men to migrate to
cities for labour. Food is scarce, and
malnutrition levels among children and adults
are high. Terrain is hilly, and habitations are
scattered. Nearest functional government health
facilities are 20-30 kilometres away.
AMRIT Clinics also utilise a range of
innovations including HR Innovation, Partnership
innovation, and Technology innovations to address
a range of day to day situations that are highly
challenging such as: What does a mother do
when the child is sick, father is away to a city for
manual labour, and there is no health facility for
20 kilometres, and no transport? How does a
health provider manage an elderly woman with
severe pneumonia when there is no X-Ray
machine, no blood gas analysis and there is no
referral possible? What nutrition advice do you
give to the family of a severely malnourished
young man with silicosis and tuberculosis, who
cannot afford any milk or oil or egg? How do
you maintain your sanity when you see a
woman in labour walk 5 kilometres to reach the
Clinic at night across the hill?
Intent of the Quarterly Rural Health Feature
Series:
This quarterly feature series on rural health
intends to inspire students and practitioners to
engage in rural community practice, dive into a
unique opportunity to observe from close,
healthcare of adults, children, and whole
families from remote communities, gain
insights on delivering healthcare in places with
limited resources to learn and impart lessons on
what changes in clinical approach, programs
and policies might be required to improve the
care for these neglected and o en forgotten,
populations.
In each article, we will provide a case study, try
to locate it in a wider context, discuss learnings
from clinical, epidemiological, health systems,
and policy lenses, and propose a call for action.
Each case study will illustrate the principles of
family practice such as "deep generalism";
"person and family orientation"; "continuity of
care"; "community based care"; "building a
trusting relationship"; "counseling"; and "an
effective steward of resources" are highlighted.
Additionally, these articles will: (1) reflect on the
clinical insights, joy, challenges, and dilemmas
of physicians in addressing health needs of the
rural communities; (2) contrast between a
disease-oriented (specialist approach) and a
person-oriented approach combined with
COPC; and (3) suggest a course correction to the
existing paradigms in medical and health
sciences education of both generalists and
specialists.
Ultimately, our hope is to enable students and
practitioners of medicine to be more effective in
delivering primary care and appreciate the
privilege they have of serving as physicians in
the community.
So please stay tuned!
Dr. Ramakrishna Prasad & Dr. Pavitra Mohan
6
Feeding nutrition into your primary care consultations
As primary care practitioners working closely
with the community, a bulk of our practice
constitutes chronic, lifestyle diseases. It is well
known that better dietary practices help in
prevention and control of these illnesses. Yet we
don’t give due importance or time to diet
counselling in our OPD settings.
The reasons for this are manifold. First of all,
the lack of emphasis on nutrition throughout
our medical training. Apart from minor
exposure in community medicine and
paediatrics, the importance of diet and the role
of the medical practitioner in improving
nutrition of the patients is largely ignored. The
same goes for post graduate training as well
where the emphasis is on diagnosis and
treatment rather than prevention and support.
As a result, most doctors are ill equipped and
lack the necessary skills in diet counselling.
Secondly it is the sheer volume of patients and
lack of time that prevents physicians from
delving deep into patient’s dietary practices. The
cultural variations in diet in our country and
lack of access to healthy foods for certain strata
of society are other reasons that prevent
physicians from broaching this topic. But there
have been many studies that have proven the
positive role that dietary modifications can
make on people’s health and wellbeing. Here are
a few ways in which you can try to include
nutrition into your daily practices.
Keeping a Food log.
Just like we ask patients to maintain blood sugar
and home bp monitoring values in a book so
that we can see them during follow ups, ask the
patient to maintain a food log too. Note down
everything they eat in a day honestly including
snacks and beverages. You can go through this
along with their blood sugar/ bp values and
identify potential problem foods and suggest
alternatives accordingly.
Involve the patient in making healthier food
choices.
Lecturing the patient about why he/she
shouldn’t drink pepsi or eat French fries, most
likely makes them feel guilty or judged, thereby
closing them off to anything you say. Instead,
ask them an open question “So how do you
think you can eat healthier?”. Be non
judgemental and supportive. Most patients
realise their mistake but are stuck in bad habits
and routines. Pick one meal, craving or habit
and suggest ways to make changes. Focus on the
why rather than the what. Since it was identified
by the patient themselves, they will be more
likely to follow it.
Avoid Jargon
Instead of mentioning big names like DASH
diet, mediterranean diet, keto etc, try to explain
the core basis of healthy eating. Principles of
healthy eating include higher intake of whole
grains and fibre rich food, variety of vegetables
and fruits, low saturated fats , lean meat, limited
sodium and processed foods and adequate water
intake. These are universal and easier for the
patient to incorporate into their daily diet rather
than adopting a whole new diet pattern which is
alien to them.
Address gross myths.
I recently had a patient who had
hypothyroidism and obesity. When I was trying
to ascertain the issues with her diet she
confidently stated that she uses only olive oil for
cooking. Upon further enquiry I realised she was
having bondas, pakodas and other deep fried
items with tea everyday. She felt it was alright
since she was anyway frying it in olive oil which
according to her was healthy fat. Just taking a
few minutes to identify and bust this myth
made a difference. Had I not enquired, she
would have continued with unhealthy dietary
habits, oblivious to the myth.
Keep cultural background in mind
Since we see patients from a variety of cultural
backgrounds in India, especially in urban setups,
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it is important to take this into consideration
while suggesting diet changes. For example,
suggesting ragi porridge as a healthy breakfast to
a Punjabi man would not help since he may
have never heard of it or not be willing to try
something so unusual in his cultural context.
Avoid Generic statements.
Telling someone to just “reduce salt” may not be
helpful unless we identify specific high sources
of sodium in their daily diet and ask them to
avoid those. For example pickle, papad, chutney,
spice mix powders etc. These are part of the diet
since childhood for many and unless we point it
out, it is not obvious to the patients what has
high sodium content in their daily meals.
Concentrate on protein
The Indian diet is low on protein. Even those
who eat meat do not do so on an everyday basis
in our country. It is important to suggest healthy
sources of plant protein and help the patient
incorporate these instead of carbohydrate rich
foods. Including protein and fibre rich foods,
vegetables at the beginning of the meal is
helpful in diabetes and prediabetes patients.
Dr Krithika Ganesh, MBBS, DNB (Family
Medicine)
8
Ayushman Bharat - An Untapped Valuable Resource
Ayushman Bharat - the name resonates with the
spirit of health empowerment — so is the
scheme!
Famously also known as “Modicare”, it is the
world's largest healthcare system and it has been
3 years since its revelation.
The scheme has 2 elements:
1. Health wellness centres based on
“prevention is better than cure”: The
centres provide primary, outpatient care
and referral access to secondary and
tertiary health care when needed.
2. Health insurance scheme - in secondary
and tertiary care. Aims to provide free
access to health insurance coverage for
low-income earners in the country.
Almost 55 crore people can be benefited
with 5 lakh rupees per family per year as
promised in this scheme in empanelled
hospitals, both public and private.
In 2018 there were millions of Indians who were
pushed below the poverty line for primarily one
sole reason - they did not have sufficient income
to spend on their health. With the quest to
reduce the medical expense burden on families
the government came up with the above zealous
scheme.
We have a very ambitious and inspiring prime
minister and more so his projects and schemes
reflect his progressive thought process. The
same is with the revolutionary scheme released
under the name of AYUSHMAN BHARATH.
This article brings to you a neutral perspective
and possibly an eye-opener for the ones who are
willing to give a thought around this article and
promote what's best available for our patients.
Who is eligible under this scheme?
Rural
Urban
Labourers
Rag Pickers
Scheduled Tribes And
Scheduled Castes
Beggars
Street Vendors
Landless Households
Manual Scavengers
Construction Workers
And Security Guards
Etc.
The primary question to all my compatriots here-
do you know what the Ayushman Bharat scheme
is?
Most of the medical population have just heard
about this and assume – “ it may be just another
project on the national front”. I remember in a
gathering of medical associates some of the
medical faculty was not even aware that it is a
medical scheme! Hence This article brings to
you all in simple terms- what Ayushman Bharat
is and why as doctors we need to make the
medical world in India aware of the same.
Let me share a short scenario: A daily wage
worker, a diabetic, unable to get medications for
himself, lands up finally as an amputee, as his
leg turns gangrenous. The sole breadwinner now
has to beg on streets to earn a living.
This is just a small glimpse into the window of
the world of the downtrodden, there are many
lakhs such below poverty line families devoid of
medical help and eventually disappear without
being heard by anyone at all.
Brief about Jan Aushadi Kendras
The biggest scheme easily available now under
ayushman bharat is called Pradhan Mantri
Bharatiya Jana Aushadhi Pariyojana, the sole
purpose of this scheme is to get medications for
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every household for affordable prices through
exclusive outlets called Jan ayushadi Kendra .
This scheme was launched on 23rd Sep 2014
and to date 8012 KENDRA’S are functional
across the country with 1451 essential drugs
available and 240 surgical items.
National sample survey says 72% of the economy
goes into the expenditure of medicine
procurement.
What do we get in Jan Aushadhi Kendra?
Am sure the medical practitioners would not
have had the time to look into the hoardings of
our PM at some medical outlets, but those are
Jan Aushadhi Kendras which sell GENERIC
MEDICATIONS.
The ones that we have learnt from our
professors to prescribe from our college times
are BRAND medications - which also the
medical representative comes along with his
handbags filled with catalogues to push us to sell
through our prescriptions.
The Brand names (pharmaceutical industry)
have to bear the brunt of their company
marketing expenses, taxes, warehouse storage
expenses, staffing finances, etc and naturally,
have to cap the price of their medications
almost 3 times that of the generic medications.
But imagine if every doctor in our country
could mobilise generic medications, there would
be so much more saved in every household to
make a better living.
The intention of this scheme is beautiful,
overwhelming or I would say heartening and
definitely inspiring but there is always a
roadblock when something has to be achieved
and that is its implementation.
Who and what is the roadblock to jan aushadhi
kendra?
You would be surprised to know but the
roadblock to its implementation is the medical
fraternity itself!
And why you may ask?
Well, ask any doctor randomly “Doc, what is Jan
Aushadhi Kendra?” You may get an abnormal
pause and then “Ahmmm. A national scheme?”
Period. “OK. So is it available anywhere around?”
Answer - “well maybe you need to check in a
government setup.”
Well, the point that I wanted to make up there
was simply that we doctors need to know the
policies the government is churning out in order
to take it forward till the patient. If the doctor
does not know about the medical scheme the
entire benefit dies out even before it is born and
nurtured.
Many misconceptions about Jan Aushadhi
Kendra
Yes, many private pharmacists pursue the
patient to buy medications at their stores rather
than Jan Aushadi Kendras. And why? They claim
the medications at Jan Aushadi Kendra are
ineffective and that’s why they are sold cheap.
It's dismaying that fellow Indians have to do this
to lure customers but the fact is the Jan
Aushadhi medications work well, have
undergone necessary standardised quality
checks, available in affordable prices for both
rich and poor.
A er utilising this scheme for many months
now, I am sharing personal feedback here - your
patients would not only be happy with the
treatment but also the money they have actually
saved over time. Else they would have had to
spend thousands at the private pharmacy
procuring medications out of your prescription.
The implication of easily available and
affordable medications goes a long way in
getting good compliance from a patient
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perspective and reducing the financial burden
on the family altogether.
Why do we not see many private hospitals
participating in the ayushman bharath health
insurance scheme?
Reason: The government reimbursement rates
are as low as 11-15 per cent of the actual costs of
surgeries or procedures. For example, if a tooth
removal costs Rs X amount, the government is
willing to pay only half of the X amount for the
procedure, the hospital has to bear the extra
costs by itself, then why would the private
hospital want to be a part of this scheme. Under
this health protection scheme, the proposed
rates of over 1,350 surgeries and procedures are
15-20 per cent lower than Central Government
Health Scheme (CGHS). The cost of therapies
range anywhere between Rs 1,000 and Rs 1.5
lakh An aortic arch replacement under
cardiothoracic surgery would cost around Rs 15
lakh in a tertiary care hospital, which the
government, under Ayushman Bharat, is
offering for Rs 1.5 lakh. A well-known chairman
and managing director of a tertiary care hospital
echoed the concerns of such reduced prices
given by the government “The rates, which the
government has offered, are not realistic. They
haven’t calculated our overhead expenditures,”
he said. These hospitals are also unhappy with
the delayed cycle of payments under the
existing CGHS. “Government takes six months
to one year to pay our reimbursements for
treatments under CGHS. We don’t want to get
into another scheme unless the government
assures us that the payments are made within 15
days,” said a senior official at a leading Delhi
hospital. However, the government said it is
voluntary for hospitals to participate in the
scheme, due to rates that are not agreeable by
private hospitals and slow payments by the
government we find only a few hospitals
attached to this scheme.
State government schemes - initiated by
different state ruling parties other than the
Ayushman Bharat.
State schemes already exist in a few states and
hence do not see the requirement of adopting
Ayushman Bharat completely as yet. Few states
have started collaborating partially in order to
share the financial burden.
Tamil Nadu CMCHIS - Chief Minister's
Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme
(Amma Health Insurance)
Delhi Mohalla clinics - provides free
medications and a few diagnostic tests free Delhi
Arogya Kosh schemes
West Bengal - Swasthya Sathi scheme
Telangana Basti clinics - free clinic and few
diagnostic tests free
Rajasthan Independent Rajasthan medical
service corporation, Free medicine distribution.
Kerala Improve service infrastructure of existing
clinics “Karunya Arogya Suraksha Padhathi
(KASP) has now collaborated with Ayushman
Bharat scheme.
PROBLEMS AT GROUND LEVEL-
● Primary care in health wellness centres
are not being promoted nor been adopted
by private hospitals as they have their
own health check departments to
promote and run which costs way more
than the government primary care
packages, also the number of screening
programs are more comprehensive and
versatile in private hospitals than the
government health wellness centres.
● In order to make use of the Ayushman
Bharat scheme benefits, a person must be
hospitalised for at least more than one
day, daycare charges are not applicable.
Unless the beneficiaries are not
hospitalised and just prescribed general
medicines,
● Issues such as constraints on movement,
limits on elective operations, reluctance
from scheme users to attend hospitals
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owing to fear of infection, classification of
public institutions as special Covid centres
have a considerable influence on the
yojana’s effectiveness.
● Due to a lack of adequate knowledge,
many are not able to avail the scheme
benefit. Not many are confident in
promoting generic medications from Jan
Aushadhi Kendras and the apprehensions
have not been addressed by the
government clearly.
● Last year nearly 111 hospitals were
shamed for malpractices with this
scheme.
● Before the lockdown, 51% of the
empanelled hospitals were operational.
This percentage decreased to 25% during
the late lockdown phase, the number of
active hospitals REDUCED by over 40%
● Small and medium-sized hospitals with
less than 100 beds were the most hit.
● Fear of getting COVID-19 infection
among hospital owners and employees, or
fear of being stigmatised and losing
business if they treat COVID-19 patients
the staff have reduced hospital visits, with
reduced manpower the burden of the ill
population is higher on government
hospitals again.
● Registration in this scheme is mostly
online and most of the underprivileged
do not have access to the portal to
understand and use the benefits.
● Private hospitals and pharmaceuticals will
definitely not want to promote
government schemes that would incur
losses to their companies
Misuse Of Scheme -
There has been misuse of the Ayushman Bharat
scheme by private hospitals through the
submission of fake medical bills. Under the
Scheme, surgeries have been claimed to be
performed on persons who had been discharged
long ago and dialysis has been shown as
performed at hospitals not having kidney
transplant facilities. There are at least 697 fake
cases in Uttarakhand state alone, where a fine of
1 Crore has been imposed on hospitals for
frauds under the Scheme. Despite all efforts to
curb foul-play, the risk of fraud entities
profiteering from this system is clearly present
in AB-PMJAY and needs transparency for the
common man to put his faith in this system.
Current status of the scheme with improved
initiatives announced recently
Under medical management procedures, the
rates for ICU with ventilator support has been
revised by 100 per cent and without ventilator
by 136 per cent, while the rates for HDU (High
Dependency Unit) has been revised by 22 per
cent and the prices for routine ward has been
revised by 17 per cent. Rate revision in radiation
oncology procedures, medical management
procedures like those for dengue, acute febrile
illness etc, surgical package treatment for black
fungus, and other procedures like right/le
heart catheterization, PDA closure, arthrodesis,
cholecystectomy, appendicectomy etc. also has
been done.
Currently, Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY covers
1,669 treatment procedures out of which 1,080
are surgical, 588 medical and one unspecified
package.
Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure
Mission
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the
Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure
Mission, one of the largest pan-India schemes
for strengthening healthcare infrastructure,
from his parliamentary constituency Varanasi in
Uttar Pradesh on Monday.
The prime minister also inaugurated various
development projects worth more than Rs 5,200
crore for his constituency.
Its objective is to fill gaps in public health
infrastructure, especially in critical care facilities
and primary care in both urban and rural areas.
It will provide support for 17,788 rural health
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and wellness centres in 10 high focus states.
Further, 11,024 urban health and wellness
centres will be established in all the states.
Through this, critical care services will be
available in all the districts of the country with
more than five lakh populations through
exclusive critical care hospital blocks, while the
remaining districts will be covered through
referral services.
People will have access to a full range of
diagnostic services in the public healthcare
system through a network of laboratories across
the country, and integrated public health labs
will be set up in all the districts.
What can we from the medical fraternity do to
improve the healthcare system using this
scheme?
First - Read about Ayushman Bharat scheme ,
Pradhan Mantri Ayushadi Yojana And Kendras .
Find out functions of health wellness centres (
primary care facilities ).
Second- Find out Jan Aushadhi Kendras around
your locality simply by googling " jana ayushadi
kendra near me "
Third- As doctors most importantly advise
generic medicine names As far as possible -- and
send the patient to buy medications from these
kendras and guide them.
Make patients aware of a scheme that can fund
their surgeries or disease treatment if they are
unaffordable and need financial support.
Fourth- Visit your primary health care centres ,
jan aushadhi kendra and look at the facilities
available, all essential medications are available
respectively - if not available then email to
complaints@janaushadhi.gov.in; cl Toll-Free
1800-180-8080
Fi h - Go to the local area MLA or MP and ask
them to open a Jan Aushadhi Kendra around
your place if not there already.
This scheme acknowledges the Right to
Medicine and the Right to be Treated well,
especially impacting the lives of millions of
families who are dying due to ill health.
Remember, we are the gateways for the benefit
of national schemes to be introduced to the
population that come to us for treatment. It's
important that we as healthcare professionals
have the necessary awareness and information
to take national schemes forward to people,
when people start using these schemes and
mobilising provisions the government is
providing, there is always a consideration in
government boardrooms to take the scheme to
the next level rather than scraping it as a whole.
Dr Amina Shah, Family Physician
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Gleanings
Ramus Intermedius
Recently, my close relative, Mrs. V.J., a 74 year
old lady suffered a Myocardial infarction while
on a tour of Gujarat. She was in cardiogenic
shock with pulmonary edema when she was
seen by a cardiologist in the small town of
Bhavnagar. An emergency ECG and subsequent
coronary angiogram showed triple vessel disease
with a complete block of Ramus Intermedius
that had resulted in the lateral wall infarction
and the subsequent events. She was successfully
treated with stenting of this vessel and was
discharged with the advice of elective stenting of
the other two arteries at a later stage.
As this was the first time that I had heard of this
name, I did a web search and also discussed it
with my cardiologist friend. This is what I found
out.
Ramus Intermedius is an aberrant coronary
artery present in 20 to 30% of people. Normally
the le Coronary artery divides into anterior
Bempedoic acid
This is a novel non-statin drug that inhibits
cholesterol biosynthesis in the same pathway as
statins. It is administered as a prodrug and is
only converted to an active drug in the liver and
not muscles.
Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated
promising results regarding its safety and
efficacy either as monotherapy or in
combination with statins or ezetimibe among
different patient profiles including patients with
statin intolerance.
descending and the le circumflex. In this 20 to
30% of people, the le coronary divides into not
two but three and the one in the middle is
termed as Ramus Intermedius, a kind of
interloper so to say! Normal coronaries run on
the surface inside set grooves. Being an
interloper, Ramus Intermedius has no such
groove to lie in, it just hangs on the surface
without much anchoring. This abnormality does
not prevent it from carrying major blood
supply to parts of the le ventricle and in my
relative’s case, to the lateral wall of the le
ventricle. As this was the culprit vessel,
angioplasty and stenting were done on this
vessel as a life saving measure with a planned
stenting procedure later. Does the presence of
this aberrant vessel make one predisposed to
coronary artery occlusion? Cursory search was
in the negative but I suggest further reading.
Dr. B C Rao
Bempedoic acid is currently FDA approved as
an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin
therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and
cardiovascular outcomes trials evaluating the
impact of bempedoic acid on hard
cardiovascular endpoints are currently ongoing.
Several Indian brands of this drug is available in
the market
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Bedaquiline
Recently, the Indian patent office rejected the
application for extension up to 2027 from July
this year when the patent expires on the drug
Bedaquiline. The applicant is Johnson and
Johnson [J J Pharma]. One of the two persons
who contested this application is a drug resistant
TB survivor Ms Nanditha Venkatesan.
Herein lies the tale of the drug and the lady.
First the drug
Bedaquiline was first introduced in 2014 by JJ
pharma for use in drug resistant TB Bedaquiline
is a quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug
used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of
pulmonary multidrug resistant tuberculosis by
inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential
for the replication of the mycobacteria. It has a
role as an antitubercular agent and an ATP
synthase inhibitor.
Recommended Dose
The recommended dose of Bedaquiline for the
treatment of pulmonary MDR in adults is:
● Weeks 1 – 2: 400 mg (4 tablets of 100 mg)
given orally, once daily
● Weeks 3 – 24: 200 mg (2 tablets of 100
mg) three times per week, for a total dose
of 600 mg per week
Initiation and Discontinuation
Bedaquiline is to be used for a period of 24
weeks.
● Bedaquiline may be used on a
case-by-case basis for durations longer
than 24 weeks when treatment options are
limited.
This drug has a half-life of 4-5 months. Consider
discontinuing Bedaquiline 4–5 months prior to
discontinuing other drugs in the treatment
regimen to reduce or avoid an extended period
of exposure to low levels of Bedaquiline as a
single drug and subsequent acquired resistance.
The drug does not have a very good safety
profile as many side effects involving
gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems have
been reported. Drug-drug interactions also have
been reported. Thus, the drug needs to be used
with caution even in MDR TB.
It costs 21000 Rs per patient for a six month
regimen and the government is providing this
drug free of cost under the NTEP program.
J&J introduced this drug to India in 2015 and has
reaped the marketing benefits of this drug for
the last 8 years and now the patent authority of
this country has rejected its application for
extension there are hopes that Indian drug
companies will shortly roll out this much
needed drug at a cheaper and affordable rate.
The lady
Nandita Venkatesan is a MDR TB survivor and
an advocate for better access to anti TB drugs.
She suffered permanent hearing loss due to
Kanamycin injections. Though she had
completed treatment and did not need
Bedaquiline, she knew of the importance of the
drug in the treatment of MDR TB. WHO has
said that this drug is the backbone of the MDR
TB and the duration of treatment can be up to 2
years and sometimes even more. Having
suffered the side effects of Kanamycin which
needs to be injected for extended periods of
time into the buttocks [imagine the damage
locally to patients with poor muscle mass]
Nandita filed her objection to the pharma
company’s application along with a fellow
sufferer from South Africa and won the case.
She is hoping that this drug which
now costs
around 50 dollars [about 4500 Rs]
per month
will come down to as little as 800 Rs per month
if generic production happens.
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Neutrophilic Dermatoses
Neutrophilic dermatoses are a heterogeneous
group of skin disorders which include
Generalised Pustular Psoriasis [PPP],
Hidradenitis suppurativa, Palmo plantar
pustulosis, Sweet’s syndrome, Pyoderma
gangrenosum, Behcet’s Syndrome. In these
disorders, there is dysregulation of the IL36
family where there is over-expression of IL 36
due to genetic mutation in the inhibitory IL36
RA gene. The most studied of all the above is the
PPP which has significant morbidity and
mortality. Neutrophilic dermatoses are a
heterogenous group of inflammatory disorders
defined by a sterile neutrophilic infiltrate. They
have diverse cutaneous and extracutaneous
manifestations and may be associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Common
associations include infectious, inflammatory,
and neoplastic disorders as well as drugs.
Scientific research has continued to unravel the
complex pathogenesis of neutrophilic
dermatoses involving abnormal neutrophil
function and inflammasome activation,
malignant transformation into dermal
infiltrating neutrophils, and genetic
predisposition. As new evidence emerges,
targeted novel therapies for neutrophilic
dermatoses are on the horizon. A targeted
monoclonal antibody SPESOLIMAB which
inhibits IL 36 receptor antibody has been
recently approved by the FDA [10/10/22] for use
in GPP.
More and detailed Information can be accessed
by the given references.
References
1. Review article Frontiers in immunology
24/3/2019 Autoimmune inflammatory
disorders Vol 10-2019
2. Current Dermatology 202211(2) 89-102
Neutrophilic dermatoses
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Case Reports
Case Report 1:
Conservatively managed Cholecystitis in preexisting Cholelithiasis
Normally, a case of acute cholecystitis with She was advised as to what needs to be done in
gallbladder stones is a medical/surgical
emergency and is referred to a secondary /
tertiary care hospital for stabilisation and or
surgery. Here a case is described which resolved
completely with oral antibiotics and other
supportive measures.
Dr P, a 23-year-old doctor presented on 27/5/22
with severe bouts of vomiting and retching
along with pain in the pit of the stomach and
right upper abdomen, there was also fever of 101
degrees. On examination she had tenderness in
the above areas but no guarding and there was
no icterus, and her general condition was good.
She was asked to take paracetamol,
domperidone and was asked to get liver
function tests, hemogram, urine analysis along
with an abdominal ultrasound scan.
She reported back on28/2/22 and following are
the test results:
LFT - normal. Hemogram: Within normal
limits. Urine analysis not done due to onset of
menstruation. US scan: Gall bladder well
distended. Wall thickness normal. Few calculi
are seen, largest measuring 7mm. CBD normal
and no intrahepatic biliary dilatation. Ovaries.
Peripherally arranged follicles with normal sized
ovaries. Impression. Cholelithiasis. Bilateral
mild polycystic ovaries.
On examination [28/5/22],nausea was present,
but vomiting was under control, but she still had
a fever of 100 degrees. She was put on oral
norfloxacin 400 mgs twice a day and was asked
to continue the other drugs. She was also
advised to seek help in her hospital if symptoms
aggravated for possible use of higher antibiotics
and may be surgery.
She reported back on 30/5/22 with complete
resolution of symptoms with no vomiting, pain,
or fever. Her appetite too was normal.
case of recurrence and the pros and cons of
elective surgical intervention
Discussion
It is common knowledge that female sex,
obesity, diabetes, pregnancy, contraceptive use
and some conditions like hemolytic states
predispose to the development of stone disease.
One of the studies showed that 20% of adults
over the years 40 and 30% over the years 70 will
have gallstones. There is also a female male ratio
of 4:1. Most studies which compare intervention
to nonintervention show that intervention has
better long-term benefits. This is true also for
symptomatic stone disease either alone or
associated cholecystitis. It is also true that with
the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy,
there is more evidence in favour of surgical
intervention. Though conservative wait and
watch management has few takers, family
doctors who can watch and wait with the patient
for long period of time, have the option of
giving this advice, a er adequate warning to the
patient as to the possible urgent need of surgical
intervention
A case of acute cholecystitis in a preexisting
cholelithiasis which was treated conservatively
with excellent outcome is presented and the
pros and cons of conservative versus operative
treatment is briefly discussed
References
1. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy
for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis - J
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):3-16.
doi: 10.1002/jhbp.518. Pub 2018 Jan 9
2. Managing a case of acute calculous
cholecystitis at home: Highlighting the role of
family physicians in providing home-based
care - J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Jul; 8(7):
2548–2550. PMCID doi:
10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_259_19 Ashoojit Kaur
Anand, 1 Praneeth Pilala , 2 Swathi S.
Balachandra, 3 Prathamesh Sharad Sawant, 4
Ramakrishna Prasad, 3 and B. C. Rao 3
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Case report 2:
Missing Pulse
Normally thromboembolism of the brachial
artery is rare, especially presenting in family
medical practice. One such case which on
presentation mimicked the possibility of
angina/neuralgia is presented here Mr. UM, a
55-year-old factory manager, developed acute
pain below the le elbow up to the hand which
lasted several hours and subsided on taking
Diclofenac 50 mgs. He came to see his FP next
morning and on examination:
Normal built with satisfactory general condition.
Not in any distress though he said there is some
pain still persisting in his le forearm diffuse in
nature. His le hand felt cold when compared
with the other hand. There was no sweating.
Radial and ulnar pulses were absent on the
affected side but were normal on the right side.
Brachial artery was felt in his upper arm with a
normal pulse. BP could be recorded in the le
upper arm. Carotids and femoral pulses were
felt and were normal. No abnormal sounds or
murmurs were heard on auscultation of his
heart. BP was normal
A clinical diagnosis of acute occlusion of the
brachial artery at the elbow was made and
arrangements were made to admit the patient.
Course in the hospital
Basic tests were done preparatory to the
planned procedure which included a
hemogram, blood sugar,T4 and TSH, serology to
exclude hepatitis and HIV infection, an ECG,
ECHO cardiogram and a CT angiogram of the
Aorta and its branches.
Echo was normal except concentric LVH. CT
Angio summary: Occlusion due to thrombus in
the brachial artery about 5cms proximal to the
elbow joint. The artery reforms 4 cms distal to
the elbow joint. The aorta and its branches
including the le subclavian were normal
A er the preanesthetic check he was operated
on 24/12/22. Operation notes:
Incision made till the brachial artery was
exposed. Artery controlled with double loop and
clamps on either side. Fogarty’s catheter was
used and inflated and passed towards the artery
and embolectomy done. Free gushing of the
blood noted. Arteriotomy closed with 5-0
prolene and clamps released. Good distal pulses
felt and confirmed with hand held doppler.
Wound closed with normal procedure.
At the time of discharge, he was pain free with
normal sensations in the forearm and hand with
warmth being equal to the right side
Discussion
Upper limb thromboembolism is comparatively
rare. In this case the cause is speculative as his
heart and blood vessels showed no clots. One
possibility is local trauma due to li ing weights
in the Gym though he does weights as a part of
his exercise schedule and reports no unusual
strain preceding the event. Family doctors
should be on guard and any person coming with
an absent pulse with or without other
symptoms, the possibility of
thrombo-embolism should be thought off as was
in this case. Early detection and prompt action
possibly saved this patient from serious
complications.
The reporter acknowledges inputs from Dr
Padma Kumar [cardiologist] and Dr Azeez
[vascular surgeon].
Dr. B C Rao
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Residents’ Corner
Journal Club at Lourdes
As part of the academic activities in the Department of Family Medicine, Lourdes Hospital and PG
Institute of Medical Science and Research, we have a journal club which is held fortnightly. Most of the
articles reviewed are from JFMPC, AFP, BMJ and other journals. A resident is assigned to initiate the
discussion on an article with relevance to family medicine and primary care from any national or
international journal. Rest of the residents are informed regarding the article well in advance so that
everyone has gone through the article before the journal club discussion. Under the guidance of our
Head of the department, Dr. Resmi S. Kaimal, the article is critically reviewed and discussed. This is
greatly beneficial for us to grasp the significance of research in medical practice and to easily
understand the concepts of research methodology. Not only this, our seniors have always credited these
discussions for helping in their thesis preparations as well as enhancing academic knowledge and
guiding them in publishing articles.
Dr. Bushra Thasneem N., Dr. Minnu Thomas, Dr. Anagha Vijayan, Dr. Sameena M.N., Dr. Flossy
Mathew, Dr. Lamiza Abdusalam, Dr. Unaisath K., Dr. Goutami Bodapati, Dr. Najeeba K.T., Dr. Fathima
Febin, Dr. Rahima Ali, Dr. Hamnas Muhammed
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Announcement about 4th State Conference
The 4th AFPI Karnataka State Conference is being
organised in Belagavi on 5th and 6th of August
2023.
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Welcome to AFPI Karnataka
http://www.afpikarnataka.org
THIS SPACE IS OPEN FOR ADVERTISEMENTS
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